In journalism, accuracy and clarity are paramount, and this extends to how ages are reported. The Associated Press (AP) style, widely used in news writing, provides specific guidelines for handling ages to ensure consistency and readability. Here’s a comprehensive guide to writing ages in AP style, complete with examples, comparisons, and practical tips.
General Rules for Writing Ages in AP Style
Use Figures for Ages
Always use numerals (figures) when referring to specific ages.
Incorrect: He is four years old.
Correct: He is 4 years old.Hyphenate Ages When Used as Adjectives
When age modifies a noun, hyphenate the compound adjective.
Example: A 5-year-old child attended the party.Avoid Unnecessary Phrases
Simplify age descriptions by avoiding redundant phrases like “years old” when the context is clear.
Example: The victim was 25. (Instead of “The victim was 25 years old.”)Use “Under 1” or “1 and Under” for Infants
For children under 1 year old, use “under 1” or “1 and under.”
Example: The program is for children 1 and under.Decades as Adjectives
When referring to decades as adjectives, use Arabic numerals and capitalize the “s” in “s.”
Example: She loves 1980s music.Age Ranges
Use figures and hyphens for age ranges.
Example: The study included participants aged 18-25.
Comparative Analysis: AP Style vs. Other Styles
| Aspect | AP Style | Chicago Style | MLA Style |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific Ages | Always use numerals (e.g., 35) | Use numerals (e.g., 35) | Use numerals (e.g., 35) |
| Age as Adjective | Hyphenate (e.g., 35-year-old) | Hyphenate (e.g., 35-year-old) | Hyphenate (e.g., 35-year-old) |
| Decades | Use numerals (e.g., 1980s) | Use numerals (e.g., 1980s) | Spell out (e.g., nineteen eighties) |
| Age Ranges | Use hyphen (e.g., 18-25) | Use hyphen (e.g., 18-25) | Use hyphen (e.g., 18-25) |
Historical Evolution of Age Reporting
The standardization of age reporting in journalism reflects broader trends in communication. In the early 20th century, age notation varied widely, with writers often spelling out numbers or using inconsistent formats. The AP style emerged as a solution to this chaos, providing a uniform approach that prioritizes clarity and brevity. Over time, these guidelines have adapted to changing linguistic norms, such as the increased use of numerals for ages.
Practical Application: Writing Ages in Context
Step-by-Step Guide to AP Style Ages
- Identify the Age: Determine the specific age or age range.
- Use Numerals: Always write ages as figures (e.g., 7, 42).
- Hyphenate When Necessary: If the age modifies a noun, hyphenate it (e.g., 7-year-old).
- Simplify: Avoid redundant phrases like “years old” when the context is clear.
- Check Consistency: Ensure all ages in the article follow AP style guidelines.
Myth vs. Reality: Common Misconceptions About AP Style Ages
Myth: You Should Always Write “Years Old” After an Age.
Reality: In AP style, “years old” is often unnecessary. For example, “She is 10” is preferred over “She is 10 years old” unless clarity demands otherwise.
Myth: Ages Should Be Spelled Out for Young Children.
Reality: AP style mandates numerals for all ages, even for infants and toddlers (e.g., 2, 5).
Future Trends in Age Reporting
As journalism continues to evolve, so too might the conventions for reporting ages. With the rise of digital media, there’s a growing emphasis on brevity and clarity, which aligns with AP style’s existing guidelines. However, as language norms shift, we may see further simplification or adaptation in age notation.
FAQ Section
Should I write “years old” after an age in AP style?
+In AP style, “years old” is often unnecessary if the context is clear. For example, “He is 10” is preferred over “He is 10 years old.”
How do I write age ranges in AP style?
+Use numerals and a hyphen for age ranges, such as “18-25” or “5-10.”
Can I spell out ages for young children?
+No, AP style requires numerals for all ages, even for infants and toddlers (e.g., 2, 5).
How do I refer to decades in AP style?
+Use Arabic numerals and capitalize the “s” in “s,” such as “1980s.”
Conclusion
Mastering AP style for ages is essential for journalists and writers seeking clarity and consistency. By following these guidelines—using numerals, hyphenating when necessary, and simplifying age descriptions—you can ensure your writing meets professional standards. As language and journalism continue to evolve, staying informed about these conventions will remain crucial for effective communication.
