Wood spiders, also known as cellar spiders, are a common sight in Pennsylvania homes and gardens. These spiders are often misunderstood and feared, but they are actually harmless to humans and play a crucial role in the ecosystem. In this article, we will delve into the world of wood spiders in PA, exploring their identification, habits, and fascinating characteristics.
To begin with, it’s essential to understand that wood spiders are not a single species, but rather a group of spiders that belong to the family Pholcidae. There are over 1,000 species of pholcid spiders, but only a few are commonly found in Pennsylvania. The most widespread species in the region is the Pholcus phalangioides, also known as the cellar spider.
One of the most distinctive features of wood spiders is their appearance. They have a small, elongated body, typically ranging from 1⁄4 to 1⁄2 inch in length, with a pale yellow or brown color. Their legs are long and thin, with a unique characteristic of having a distinctive “knobby” appearance. This is due to the presence of small, rounded protrusions on the joints of their legs.
Wood spiders are also known for their impressive web-spinning abilities. They create messy, irregular webs in dark, undisturbed areas, such as basements, crawlspaces, and woodpiles. These webs are not sticky, but rather a complex network of threads that help the spider catch prey and protect itself from predators.
Another interesting aspect of wood spiders is their behavior. They are nocturnal, meaning they are most active at night, and are skilled hunters. They feed on small insects, such as flies, mosquitoes, and ants, which they catch using their webs or by actively hunting them.
Now, let’s talk about the different types of wood spiders found in Pennsylvania. While there are several species, the most common ones are:
- Pholcus phalangioides (cellar spider): This is the most widespread species in the region, found in dark, damp areas, such as basements and crawlspaces.
- Pholcus opilionoides (garden spider): This species is commonly found in gardens and outdoor areas, where it spins its webs in vegetation and catches insects.
- Psilochorus utahensis (woodlouse hunter): This spider is found in wooded areas and is known for its unique habit of hunting woodlice (also known as rolly pollies).
To identify wood spiders, look for the following characteristics:
- Small, elongated body with a pale yellow or brown color
- Long, thin legs with distinctive “knobby” joints
- Messy, irregular webs in dark, undisturbed areas
- Nocturnal behavior and skilled hunting abilities
In addition to their unique characteristics, wood spiders also play a vital role in the ecosystem. They help to control insect populations, which can prevent damage to crops and gardens. They also serve as a food source for other animals, such as birds and small mammals.
In conclusion, wood spiders in PA are fascinating creatures that deserve our appreciation and respect. By understanding their identification, habits, and characteristics, we can better appreciate their role in the ecosystem and learn to coexist with them.
Here are some frequently asked questions about wood spiders in PA:
What do wood spiders look like?
+Wood spiders have a small, elongated body, typically ranging from 1/4 to 1/2 inch in length, with a pale yellow or brown color. Their legs are long and thin, with a unique characteristic of having a distinctive "knobby" appearance.
Where are wood spiders found in PA?
+Wood spiders are found in dark, undisturbed areas, such as basements, crawlspaces, and woodpiles. They are also common in gardens and outdoor areas, where they spin their webs in vegetation and catch insects.
Are wood spiders harmful to humans?
+No, wood spiders are harmless to humans. They are not venomous and do not bite unless they feel threatened or cornered.
How can I get rid of wood spiders in my home?
+To get rid of wood spiders in your home, seal all cracks and crevices, remove clutter and debris, and reduce moisture levels. You can also use a dehumidifier to make your home less appealing to wood spiders.
Can wood spiders be beneficial in gardens?
+How can I encourage wood spiders in my garden?
+To encourage wood spiders in your garden, create a welcoming environment by providing shelter, food, and water. You can also avoid using pesticides and create a diverse ecosystem that supports a variety of wildlife.
In the end, wood spiders in PA are fascinating creatures that deserve our appreciation and respect. By understanding their identification, habits, and characteristics, we can better appreciate their role in the ecosystem and learn to coexist with them. Whether you’re a seasoned arachnologist or just a curious homeowner, wood spiders are sure to captivate and inspire you.
